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Design of High-Performance Pipeline Analog-toDigital Converters in Low-Voltage Processes

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Sobhan Sofimowloodi* and Syyed Mohammad Alavi

Abstract
This research presents a high-resolution Pipeline ADC in low-voltage processes. The removal of the Sample-and-Hold circuit greatly reduces the power consumption and area use of the Pipeline ADC. A rail-to-rail input is achievable with the sample-and-hold stage removed from the system. This increases the available signal range, thereby improving the SNR of the system. A final ADC structure incorporating two reference voltages was perused and a calibration scheme for correcting reference mismatch errors was developed. The optimization greatly improved the noise and area performance in the design. The design implementation portion of the paper covered many important parts in the design of a high-resolution ADC Pipeline stage. The result shows that our approach can outperform previous methods.

Types of expressive form of Hadith in Quran Interpretation in View of Allameh Tabatabai

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Seyes Saeed Miri

Abstract
This article will explain how to divide and separate the sayings in the Quran, especially in terms of language and form of expression of opinion Tabatabai Allame. According to research conducted at Allama works particularly valuable commentary balance, the expression of traditions in terms of their role in interpreting verses in one of four formats "interpretation, Jerry and implementation, ventricular and allegorical" fits perfectly. Allama understanding of the traditions, language, and in what format we should see what the story tells us, on this basis, despite the typical imagine the wonder and strangeness of the appearance traditions typically show the weakness of intellect, fight or the wisdom of escaping, irrational or exaggeration of hadith knows, perhaps in the form of narrative and discovery unveiled the inner depths of the verses, Jerry and implementation, or metaphor and visualization of words seem to be focused on God, so from this perspective should be careful in interpreting the verses, just looking at appearances, folk traditions, and the evidence base is not, but the identification of expressive language and tradition, the understanding of narrative and the speaker means it will, the narratives are always ordinary and vulgar language, not speaking. In other words, we should see the narrative speaks what language and in what form.

Finite Residual Groups and its Products

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B. Razzaghmaneshi

Abstract
We say that the finite residual J(G) of a group G is the Intersection of all normal subgroups of finite index of G, and G is residually finite if J(G)=1. In this paper, we show that if G=A1…An be product of periodic subgroups A1,…,An satisfying the minimal condition on primary subgroups. Then G satisfies the minimal primary subgroups , and J(G)= J(A1)J(A2)… J(An).

Reflection of magical realism in Marquez‘s "One hundred years of solitude" and Moniru Ravanipur‘s "Ahl-e Ghargh (The Drowned)"

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Masumeh Sahraei* and Mohammad Reza Deiri

Abstract
The term of magical realism is a new method in modern story writing in which the elements of reality and imagination mix with each other. The result of this fusion is a work that does not resemble to any of its basic constructor elements. Marquez is a Colombian Contemporary Author, was introduced as a global author ith the publication of “ne hundred years of solitude” novel and devising the method of magical realism and many authors in different parts of the world used this method of story writing. Ravanipur Moniru, who is contemporary Persian writer, is considered as a follower of magical realism of Marquez in applying the super natural elements and unreal or imaginary creatures such as mermaid, halfhuman hero and etc. This article studies this issue that hether “Ahl-e hargh (The roned”novel, hich is the work of Ravanipur Moniru, can be called as a work of magical realism, or not? This article has been done by the methods of accurate reading, bringing some samples from the novels and comparison and aconformity. The components of magical realism particularly the “Authorial eticence” component and etc, shows that these components are applied in “Ahl-e hargh” rarely. t can be said that eak reflection of magical realism is seen in Moniru avanipurs Ahl-e Ghargh.

Deadly Tsunami and the negative impact on Iran border regions (Case study: Ahvaz, Iran)

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Abas Ali Arvin*, Mohsen Rahimi and Morteza adohk Qoli

Abstract
Today, citizens are concerned for the influx of tiny pollens to Iran from neighbors as health threatening factor; however, there still no measure has been taken to inhibit tiny pollens. Now, not only air pollution, but also tiny pollens are regarded as major challenges, while the majority is unaware of terrible effects of these tiny pollens on lungs. Yet, the executives provide no sufficient information of these tiny pollens to people so that enabling them to take required measures. Nevertheless, it seems that tiny pollens are being Iranian companion particularly in Western and southern states. As the first step, the people, with no projection, must be noted of the seriousness and hazards of these tiny guests.

INTRODUCTION TO WEB SEARCH ENGINES

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Mohammad Reza pourmir

Abstract
web search engine is a program designed to help find information stored on the World Wide Web. Search engine indexes are similar, but vastly more complex that back of the book indexes. The quality of the indexes, and how the engines use the information they contain, is what makes or breaks the quality of search results. The vast majority of users navigate the Web via search engines. Yet searching can be the most frustrating activity using a browser. Type in a keyword or phrase, and we're likely to get thousands of responses, only a handful of which are close to what we looking for. And those are located on secondary search pages, only after a set of sponsored links or paid-for-position advertisements. Still, search engines have come a long way in the past few years. Although most of us will never want to become experts on web indexing, knowing even a little bit about how they're built and used can vastly improve our searching skills. This paper gives a brief introduction to the web search engines, architecture, the work process, challenges faced by search engines, discuss various searching strategies, and the recent technologies in the web mining field.

Determination of nutritive value of six species of halophyte plants used by camel in East South Iran

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Mirchi AR, Yousef Elahi M*, Palizdar MH and Pourelmi MR

Abstract
This study carried out to determine chemical composition and nutritive value of five species of range plants in Konarak including Panicum turgidum, Penniserum oriental, Cappari decidues, Tavernicria glabr, Suaeda nudiflora and Indigofera interical by in vitro gas production technique. Samples were collected by systematic and random sampling procedure in autumn according to standard methods. Chemical composition, cumulative gas production at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were determined. The results of this experiment showed that, there are significant difference in terms of chemical compositions of these samples (P<0.05). The crude protein, ADF and NDF contents were between 5.67 and 9.92, 41.95 and 49.45% and 46.60 and 69.00% respectively. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between these species in different incubation times. The maximum cumulative gas volume at 96 hours and b fraction ware related to Cappari decidues. Also, organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy in Cappari decidues species were higher than other species. The results of chemical composition and gas production showed that in these plants, Cappari decidues species has the highest nutritive value and also, these species can use as feed for camel.

Assessing knowledge and attitude of emergency contraception among female freshman students in Islamic Azad University of Toyserkan

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Samira Golezar*, Fateme Hadadian, Maryam Farhadian and Salman Khazaee

Abstract
Background: Unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions are major challenge for fertility health of young adults. ECs provide women to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. These methods reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancies. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude of emergency contraception among freshman female students in Islamic Azad University of Toyserkan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 female students in 2012. The sampling was done by taking census. Data collection tools were questionnaire. Results: %35 had ever heard of ECs. Their source of information was friends (%30), books (%22.5) and internet (%22.5). %2 of the participants had good knowledge about ECs and %16 had positive attitude toward it. No students have used emergency methods. Place of residence has a significant correlation with knowledge and attitude (P <0.005(. Conclusion: The findings of our study show lack of knowledge about ECs among students. Most of attitudes were neutral or negative about ECs. Therefore there is a strong need to educate students on ECs using valid sources like medical source.

The relationship between organizational culture, organizational commitment of Tehran Football Accosiations

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Abbas farahmandmehr*, Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi and Zeynab Yousefi

Abstract
This study examined the relationship between organizational culture, organizational commitment of Tehran Football Accosiations was conducted. The study population consisted of 120 employees Football Federation of Tehran Province using stratified sampling method and sample size of 91 subjects was determined Cochran formula The research was a descriptive - correlation and the purpose and application of field data collection and analytical methods from the perspective of the event. To review the organizational commitment questionnaire variables Allen and Meyer (1991), Organizational Culture Danny Sun (2000) was used Cronbach's alpha was calculated using Cronbach's alpha reliability likewise present paper questionnaires were calculated for 87.6% 84.9% respectively in order to analyze the data The descriptive indicators and tests K - Smirnov normality, Pearson, and use SPSS18. Correlation results showed a significant positive relationship between organizational culture And creativity (0.0001=, p ≤ 5%) there. Results also showed that components of organizational commitment has no predictive power.

Theocracy in terms of martyr MotahariVrshyd R. BatakydbrShvragrayy the construction of optimal state

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Haiat allah podineh jahantigh* and Parviz reza mir lotfi

Abstract
One of the most fundamental issues in the field of Islamic theocracy's religious ideas are considered. The government has always regarded as one of the needs of human society in general and always based on the needs and interests of the people and kings have been set., Who has taken many forms in past eras, Islam as a comprehensive religion that note 's. Various scholars (Shia and Sunni) in the past years, various ideas to achieve the ideal state of Islam have theorized that this thesis, we have a crisis of governance martyr Motahari and Rashid Rida's perspective, according to the views They come look at their books and treatises comparable to Qrarmydhym of hypothesis. purpose of this study was to evaluate political ideas and brave martyr Motahari is Rzadrkhsvs theocracy. these essays have been collected into a library method . the martyr Motahari on the ballot paper, the ruler supreme and the Assembly of Experts and the Drnzryat Rashid Rida, Law, People from Vqd solution is discussed. GivenMtqzyat be appointed as long as they play a significant role in identifying and selecting people.

Virginia Woolf’s The Waves: Splitted Feminine “I”’s

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Elmira Ebadi* and Leila Baradaran Jamili

Abstract
The subject of identity and self-recognition by feminine individuals is one of the main issues of feminist arguments and debates, particularly in the modern literature. This paper focuses on femininity and the effects of splitting of feminine self in Virginia Woolf’s (1882-1941) The Waves (1931), and shows the psychological results of this splitting on the life of the characters. Woolf, as a feminist writer and thinker, tires to depict in her novels the cultural, social, and psychological conditions of women being deprived of their rights in every aspect by men, during her time. In this respect, the feminine identity of female characters will be examined, using an interdisciplinary method, based on the ideologies of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Hélène Cixous (1937- ). Through their ideas, this paper works on disintegrated feminine identity of the novel’s female characters. This splitting of feminine identity is manifested in the form of special types of mental neuroses in each character. In this paper, Susan’s love-hate ambivalence along with Jinny’s narcissistic personality disorder and Rhoda’s existential insecurity will be discussed using Freud’s and Cixous’ points of view. Subsequently, it could be assumed that ambivalence, narcissism, and existential insecurity are the main causes of the splitted feminine identities in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves.

Women, Nature, Culture: Ecological Discourse in Virginia Woolf Mrs Dalloway

764-770Full Text

Farzaneh Rezanezhad

Abstract
Women, nature, culture and their relation, as an ecological discourse, are broadly interpreted in Virginia Woolf's (1882-1941( Mrs Dalloway )1925). She depicts the situation of the women characters living in nature and investigates how nature influences their way of life. She explains that women are closer to nature than men, and that they are both female while having some similarities. This paper concentrates on the theories of eco-feminists, like Catriona Sandilands (1964- ) and Erika Cudworth )1966- )Ecofeminism is considered as an interdisciplinary method which indicates the relationship between nature, women and the similarities that exist between them. Woolf explains the love of women toward nature in her novel and shows that nature as a whole is the manifestation of nature as a part or women; however, nature is inside them being not separable from their inner self. She portrays how nature is shaped and controlled by culture and displays the cultures of different people in different environments which are totally different from each other. Woolf shows that Clarissa Dalloway, who is an English woman, is proud of her English culture and believes that England has a high environmental culture. She demonstrates that the administrators of every country, especially those of England, control nature and decorate her with their environmental culture. Therefore this paper illuminates the relationship among women/nature and nature/culture and shows nature's incredible power.

A Journey to Poetry of Geometrical Shapes from the Ancient Time to Poetry of John Hollander

771-776Full Text

Mehrdad Moazami Goudarzi*, Leila Baradaran Jamili and Bahman Zarrinjooee

Abstract
The paper investigates the relationship between geometrical pattern poetry and John Hollander’s poetry (1929–2013) and the way by which the meaning is transformed through the specific geometrical shapes. Pattern poetry, as a subcategory of literary art, mixes together the literal and pictorial components to create poems including an aesthetic entity. To comprehend a piece of pattern poem, the readers observe the poem as well as hear it. According to George Puttenham (1529-90), Marcia Birken (1954- ) and Anne Coon (1952- ), geometrical pattern poetry―owning a considerable geometrical element such as plane, labyrinth, geometry and math figures―is of those poems involving geometrical shapes and figures. They divide pattern poems into different mathematical and geometrical categories and if a poem enters into their category, it is a pattern poem, unless it cannot be counted as geometrical poem. Hollander is one of the modern poets whose poems are considered as pattern poetry. He was under the influence of geometry and mathematics and this influence led him to write poems that are in accordance with the geometrical rules. When one reads his poems, it seems that he/she is involved in a geometrical labyrinth or maze and the way-out or the solution must be found through the formulas related to geometry; hence, Hollanderian Pattern Poetry can be categorized as geometrical poems.

Self-Identity in Luigi Pirandello’s Six Characters in Search of an Author

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Nazanin Mahmoudpour1* and Bahman Zarrinjooee

Abstract
The main discussion in this paper is to show how Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936) in his Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921) presents the problem of identity in a dramatic life. In his modern tragicomedy play, Pirandello criticizes the image of a family being just alive in a life without having any clear notion of their “I”s; it refers to the individuals who escape from their realities because they do not know their own real personality. In this play there seems to be no clear I; the characters try to find their authors in order to rewrite their life because the reality of their illusion about their “I”s needs a kind of review or recognition. Pirandello portrays a symbolic play to show direct and indirect sorrow of people suffering from deluding themselves. This paper reveals different aspects of the characters’ personality by searching in their acts and dialogues to find that how lack of self-identification can change the reality to illusion. Considering Sigmund Freud’s (1856-1939) concepts of identity, based on his classification of unconscious into id, ego and superego as basic levels of self-recognition, the present paper searches for different ideas about the relationship between identity, reality and illusion; and it investigates abstract notions of self-identity in this play. It wants to show how Pirandello’s characters—as some modern individuals—are suffering from a kind of unawareness of their self-identities, of their role in their lives and how their unawareness from their “I”s affects the others consciously and unconsciously.

Doubly Colonized and Marginalized Black Women in Toni Morrison’s Home

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Zeinab Soleimani and Bahman Zarrinjooee*

Abstract
This paper examines the formation of black women’s identity in the latest Toni Morrison’s (1931- ) novel, Home (2012), regarding postcolonial theories of Gayatri Chakravotry Spivak (1942- ) and her notion of “subaltern”. Referring to such theories, this study analyzes women’s situation, in particular the black women’s both in the colonized or patriarchal societies. Moreover, this paper shows how Toni Morrison portrays to what extent African-American women and the other women of color have been silenced and are not heard in both masculine and colonized culture. In other words, this paper argues that the black women are considered as double colonized and marginalized entities both in their patriarchal and colonized communities. Consequently, the condition of subaltern and double colonized black women in these societies will be analyzed to trace the ways through which the dominant power oppresses the black women and deprives them from their true being and identity.

Assessing the Educational Needs of Nutrition during Pregnancy

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Masoomeh Shakeri*

Abstract
Providing nutritional needs of mothers is necessary for improving maternal and fetal health. Training nutritional behavior based on mothers’ needs is of paramount importance. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining training needs of nutrition of gestation period for the mothers referred to Zanjan health centers in 2013. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 697 primiparae who referred to Zanjan health centers in 2013 were selected using stratified cluster sampling. The data-collection tool included a researcher-made questionnaire made up of two main parts. The first part was concerning the personal information and the pregnant mothers and the second part evaluated training needs of mothers in 3 scopes. The scopes included appropriate nutritional behavior of gestation period, appropriate nutritional pyramid of gestation period, and appropriate nutrition while having underlying problems and common diseases of gestation period. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using its content validity and reliability through test-retest with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square and ANOVA statistical tests using SPSS 15.Findings: According to the research results, the mean age of the mothers and the mean of gestational age were 27+3 years and 32+4 weeks, respectively. Here, 81% of the mothers needed mid- and high level of training needs and training needs on nutrition of gestational period decreased significantly with the increase of mothers’ level of education (p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: The research results indicate pressing need of mothers to training in different scopes of nutrition. Therefore, it is proposed to consider special programs during gestation period training to improve awareness of nutritional behavior of pregnant women and meet their training needs.

Orientalising India through Stereotypical Images: Edward Morgan Forster’s A Passage to India

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Saideh Naim Vafa and Bahman Zarrinjooee*

Abstract
Having an eye on Edward W. Said (1935-2003) and Frantz Fanon’s (1925-1961) theories, this paper deals with the process of orientalising the Indians represented in E. M. Forster’s (1879-1970) A Passage to India (1924). Forster portrays the Orientalised India, and criticizes stereotypical representation of the Indians. His characters are the victims of British colonial power and colonialism. On the other hand, he criticizes the Indians’ passivity against the process of orientalisation. Moreover, this paper shows how Forster marks on the stereotypes the British colonisers attributed to the natives, as being a primitive, unreliable, genital, and dangerous race that must be kept in the farthest distance possible from the British. Fanon argues such features have great impacts on the psyche of the natives which results in inferiority complex and make the Indians feel an inherent flaw. They accept such a subjugation with no objection; hence, they turn into catalysers in the process of orientalising themselves. They find the way to escape from such inferiority in interacting closely with the colonisers; however, it makes them feel more inferior. In fact, Forster indicates that the dichotomy of coloniser/colonised prevents the characters to bridge the gaps between the orient and occident.

Investigation of vertical distance effect in steps on the stability of slopes

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Sina Khanmohammadi and Vahid Hosseinitoudeshki*

Abstract
This article studies the vertical distance effect in the steps on the factor of safety and stability of slopes. For slope modeling the plaxis software has been used and models with supposition of even state and with two dimensions has been established. Furthermore, in two dimensions analytic, two bottom of slope has been relinquished. The obtained results show increasing in height leading to a deepening in sliding surface. But, changes in sliding surface depend on locating of steps. When step is toward above the slope, sliding surface is less clear than it is in the middle slope. Furthermore establishing step in slope lead to increase factor of safety and deepening of the failure mechanism.

The relationship between participation in sports, leisure and quality of life in students of physical education

805-808Full Text

Azin Soleymani Karahroudi*, Elham Jafari and Mrjan Mirzaei Ghazi

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in sports, leisure and quality of life in physical education students. Methodology: The research method is descriptive - correlational. The population includes all the female physical education students at the Free University in Tehran (900) MA (Sports Management orientation) in the first semester is 90-91, because of the size and distribution of the target population of the University of as free samples, 300 were examined through selected Morgan. In order to collect data from the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire included 26 questions divided into four physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment domains of physical activity questionnaire consists of two subscales, Beck has 11 items, sports, leisure was used. Results: between participation in sports and recreation and physical health of students (r = 0.143), mental health (r = 0.257), social relationships (r = 0.310) and environmental domain r = 0.250) There was a significant positive correlation. Conclusions: Exercise and physical activity in leisure time is associated with the quality of student life.

Study associate brand loyalty in sports clubs

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Mrjan Mirzaei Ghazi*, Azin Soleymani Karahroudi and Elham Jafari

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the relationship between brand associations and brand loyalty in pro sports clubs, public and private country. Methodology: Applied research was a descriptive study. A survey of private and public supporters club, sports clubs (including steel, Isfahan, Tabriz Tractor, Esteghlal Tehran, Abadan and Persepolis), respectively. The sample size was estimated using statistical formulas and 523 respectively which ultimately eliminating incomplete questionnaires, to reach 500. Questionnaire by the brand associations, Baton and Fervanch (2007) was made to test the validity of this study (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.80). The questionnaire consisted of five sections with 44 questions. Results: Results using statistical tests including Pearson and Levine obtained. There are state and brand association. Conclusions: The customer relationship marketing activities is a core principle and attract customers has been a priority for all companies. They can also increase the competitive advantage for the team. In today's world, the main asset of many businesses, their brand names.

Designing native security model of e-commerce in banking

812-817Full Text

Zenab Bavandpor and Bahareh Moradi Aliabadi*

Abstract
Security is one of the most important factors considered in electronic exchanges. Security and privacy in making deals to attract customers to an e-business plays a vital role. E-commerce, require a secure infrastructure. The purpose of this study was designed based on the native security model of ecommerce in the banking field. The model consists of independent variables: familiarity officials and decision-makers, managers aware of the goals, culture, organization, strategic management, a national program effective, knowledge, commitment, expertise, bandwidth, job rotation, high-speed Internet access, support centers, use of resistant the dependent variable is the safety of the participants. To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire with 30 questions designed to Rate 0-100 and the Statistical Society (Tejart bank) 80 employees, and directors of each bank were distributed. The method used in this research is descriptive - survey is. To test hypotheses using path analysis and AMOS software was used for statistical analysis of data. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the variables other than the strength of the relationship between negative and meaningless to users with security shows expertise and knowledge of the variables that most impact and job rotation has the least impact on security.